Laterality as an indicator of emotional stress in ewes and lambs during a separation test

We assessed motor laterality in sheep to explore species-specific brain hemi-field dominance and how this could be affected by genetic or developmental factors. Further, we investigated whether directionality and strength of laterality could be linked to emotional stress in ewes and their lambs during partial separation. Forty-three ewes and their singleton lambs were scored on the (left/right) direction of turn in a y-maze to rejoin a conspecific (laterality test). Further, their behavioural response (i.e. time spent near the fence, vocalisations, and activity level) during forced separation by an open-mesh fence was assessed (separation test). Individual laterality was recorded for 44.2 % ewes (significant right bias) and 81.4 % lambs (equally biased to the left and the right). There was no significant association in side bias between dams and offspring. The Chi-squared test revealed a significant population bias for both groups (p &lt; 0.05). Evolutionary adaptive strategies or stimuli-related visual laterality may provide explanation for this decision-making process. Absolute strength of laterality (irrespective of side) was high (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, dams: D = 0.2; p &lt; 0.001; lambs: D = 0.36, p &lt; 0.0001). The Wilcoxon test showed that lateralised lambs and dams spent significantly more time near each other during separation than non-lateralised animals (p &lt; 0.05), and that lateralised dams were also more active than non-lateralised ones. Arguably, the lateralised animals showed a greater attraction to their pair because they were more disturbed and thus required greater reassurance. The data show that measures of laterality offer a potential novel non-invasive indicator of separation stress.</p

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

age: Observational data from the ICON audit

Purpose: To investigate age-related differences in outcomes of critically ill patients with sepsis around the world.Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from the prospective ICON audit, in which all adult ( >16 years ) patients admitted to participating ICUs between May 8 and 18, 2012, were included, except admissions for routine postoperative observation. For this sub-analysis, the 10,012 patients with completed age data were included. They were divided into five age groups - 80 years. Sepsis was defined as infection plus at least one organ failure.Results: A total of 2963 patients had sepsis, with similar proportions across the age groups (80 = 30.9%). Hospital mortality increased with age and in patients >80 years was almost twice that of patients 70 years was independently associated with increased risk of dying.Conclusions: The odds for death in ICU patients with sepsis increased with age with the maximal rate of increase occurring between the ages of 71 and 77 years. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. 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Valcoreanu] Spitalul Cf 2 Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania.[Slavcovici, A.] Iuliu Hatieganu Univ Med & Pharm, Teaching Hosp Infect Dis, Cluj Napoca, Romania.[Bagin, V] City Clin Hosp 40, St Petersburg, Russia.[Belsky, D.] City Hosp 40, St Petersburg, Russia.[Palyutin, S.] Clin Hosp NVNV Solovyev, Yaroslavl, Russia.[Shlyapnikov, S.] Emergency Res Inst NA Djanelidze, St Petersburg, Russia.[Bikkulova, D.] Fed Res Ctr Paediat Haematol Oncol & Immunol, Moscow, Russia.[Gritsan, A.] Krasnoyarsk State Med Univ, Krasnoyarsk Reg Hosp, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.[Natalia, G.] Med Assoc Novaya Bolnitsa, Ekaterinburg, Russia.[Makarenko, E.] Mil Med Acad, Ekaterinburg, Russia.[Kokhno, V] Novosibirsk Med Univ, Novosibirsk, Russia.[Tolkach, A.] Omsk Reg Clin Hosp, Omsk, Russia.[Kokarev, E.] Railway Hosp Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk, Russia.[Belotserkovskiy, B.] St Alexy Hosp, St Louis, France.[Zolotukhin, K.] State Dist Hosp, Moscow, Russia.[Kulabukhov, V] Vishnevsky Inst Surg, Moscow, Russia.[Soskic, L.] Clin Ctr Serbia, Clin Cardiac Surg, Belgrade, Serbia.[Palibrk, I] Clin Ctr Serbia, Clin Digest Surg, Belgrade, Serbia.[Jankovic, R.; 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Xiaobo, H.] Sichuan Prov Peoples Hosp, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China.[Ge, H.] Sir Run Run Shaw Hosp, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.[Yan, T.] Affiliated Guiyang Med Coll, Guiyang, Guizhou, Peoples R China.[Yuhui, C.] Fudan Univ, Peoples Hosp Shanghai 5, Shanghai, Peoples R China.[Zhang, J.] Dalian Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dalian, Peoples R China.[Jian-Hong, F.] Suzhou Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Suzhou, Peoples R China.[Zhu, H.] Xinjiang Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Urumqi, Peoples R China.[Huo, F.; Wang, Y.] Jilin Univ, Hosp 1, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China.[Li, C.] First Peoples Hosp Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, Peoples R China.[Zhuang, M.] Gen Hosp Shenyang Mil Reg, Shenyang, Liaoning, Peoples R China.[Ma, Z.] Peoples Hosp Cangzhou, Cangzhou, Peoples R China.[Sun, J.] Jilin Univ, Hosp 2, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China.[Liuqingyue, L.] Second Peoples Hosp Liaocheng City Shandong Prov, Liaocheng, Shandong, Peoples R China.[Yang, M.] Third Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.[Meng, J.] Tongde Hosp Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.[Ma, S.] Tongji Univ, Shanghai East Hosp, Shanghai, Peoples R China.[Kang, Y.] West China Hosp, Scu, Peoples R China.[Yu, L.] Wuhan Ctr Hosp, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.[Peng, Q.] Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.[Wei, Y.] Yantai Yuhuangding Hosp, Yantai, Peoples R China.[Zhang, W.] Yantaishan Hosp, Yantai, Shandong, Peoples R China.[Sun, R.] Zhejiang Prov Peoples Hosp, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.[Yeung, A.] Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.[Wan, W.] Princess Margaret Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.[Sin, K.] Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.[Lee, K.] United Christian Hosp Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.[Wijanti, M.] Anestesi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.[Widodo, U.] Pku Muhammadiyah Bantu, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.[Samsirun, H.] Rd Mattaher Hosp Jambi, Jambi City, Indonesia.[Sugiman, T.] Rumah Sakit Pantai Lndah Kapuk, North Jakarta, Indonesia.[Wisudarti, C.] Sardjito Hosp, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.[Maskoen, T.] Sch Med Unpad, Hasan Sadikin Hosp, Bandung, Indonesia.[Hata, N.] Nippon Med Sch, Chiba Hokusoh Hosp, Inzai, Japan.[Kobe, Y.] Chiba Univ Hosp, Chiba, Japan.[Nishida, O.] Fujita Hlth Univ, Sch Med, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.[Miyazaki, D.] Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hosp, Maebashi, Gumma, Japan.[Nunomiya, S.] Jichi Med Univ Hosp, Shimotsuke, Japan.[Uchino, S.] Jikei Univ, Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan.[Kitamura, N.] Kimitsu Chuo Hosp, Kisarazu, Japan.[Yamashita, K.] Kochi Med Sch, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.[Hashimoto, S.] Kyoto Prefectural Univ Med, Kyoto, Japan.[Fukushima, H.] Nara Med Univ Hosp, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.[Adib, N. Nik] Hosp Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.[Tai, L.] Kuala Lumpur Hosp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[Tony, B.] Queen Elizabeth Hosp 2, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.[Bigornia, R.] Cebu Velez Gen Hosp, Cebu, Philippines.[Bigornia, R.] Perpetual Succour Hosp, Cebu, Philippines.[Palo, J.] Med City, Pasig, Philippines.[Chatterjee, S.] Alexandra Hosp, Singapore, Singapore.[Tan, B.] Natl Univ Hlth Syst, Singapore, Singapore.[Kong, A.] Singapore Gen Hosp, Singapore, Singapore.[Goh, S.] Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Singapore, Singapore.[Lee, C.] Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Taipei, Taiwan.[Pothirat, C.] Chiaingmai Univ, Maharaj Nakorn Chiangmai Hosp, Chiang Mai, Thailand.[Khwannimit, B.] Prince Songkla Univ, Hat Yai, Thailand.[Theerawit, P.] Ramathibodi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand.[Pornsuriyasak, P.] Ramathibodi Hosp, Somdech Phra Debaratana Med Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand.[Piriyapatsom, A.] Mahidol Univ, Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand.[Mukhtar, A.] Cairo Univ, Giza, Egypt.[Dsicu] Demerdash Surg Intens Care Unit, Cairo, Egypt.[Hamdy, A. Nabil] Ain Shams Fac Med, Cairo, Egypt.[Hosny, H.] Zaitoun Specialized Hosp, Cairo, Egypt.[Ashraf, A.] Gums, Tehran, Iran.[Mokhtari, M.] Sbums, Imam Hossein Hosp, Tehran, Iran.[Nowruzinia, S.] Imamreza Hosp, Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran.[Lotfi, A.] Laleh Hosp, Tehran, Iran.[Zand, F.] Shiraz Anesthesiol & Crit Care Res Ctr, Shiraz, Iran.[Nikandish, R.] Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Shiraz, Iran.[Moghaddam, O. Moradi] Tehran Med Sci Univ, Tehran, Iran.[Cohen, J.] Rabin Med Ctr, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.[Sold, O.] Sourasky Tel Aviv Med Ctr, Tel Aviv, Israel.[Sfeir, T.] Ctr Hosp Nord, Ettelbruck, Luxembourg.[Hasan, A.] Sohar Hosp, Sohar, Oman.[Abugaber, D.] Specialized Arab Hosp, Nablus, Palestine.[Ahmad, H.] Almana Gen Hosp, Khobar, Saudi Arabia.[Tantawy, T.] KFSHRC, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[Baharoom, S.] King Abdulaziz Med City Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[Algethamy, H.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.[Amr, A.] King Saud Med City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[Almekhlafi, G.] Riyadh Mil Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.[Coskun, R.] Erciyes Univ, Med Fac, Kayseri, Turkey.[Sungur, M.] Erciyes Univ, Med Sch, Kayseri, Turkey.[Cosar, A.] Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Ankara, Turkey.[Gucyetmez, B.] Int Hosp, Istanbul, Turkey.[Demirkiran, O.] Istanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Med Sch Hosp, Istanbul, Turkey.[Senturk, E.] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Med Fac, Istanbul, Turkey.[Ulusoy, H.] Karadeniz Tech Univ, Med Fac, Trabzon, Turkey.[Atalan, H.] Mem Atasehir Hosp, Istanbul, Turkey.[Serin, S.] Pamukkale Univ, Denizli, Turkey.[Kati, I] Yuzuncu Yil Univ, Med Fac, Van, Turkey.[Alnassrawi, Z.] Dubai Hosp, Dubai, U Arab Emirates.[Almemari, A.] Mafraq Hosp, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.[Krishnareddy, K.] Sheikh Khalifa Med City, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates.[Kashef, S.] Tawam Hosp, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates.[Alsabbah, A.] City Hosp, Dubai, U Arab Emirates.[Poirier, G.] Hop Charles Lemoyne, Longueuil, PQ, Canada.[Marshall, J.] St Michaels Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada.[Herridge, M.] Toronto Gen Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada.[Herridge, M.] Toronto Western Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada.[Fernandez-Medero, R.] San Juan Hosp, San Juan, PR USA.[Fulda, G.] Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Newark, DE USA.[Banschbach, S.] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.[Quintero, J.] El Camino Hosp, Mountain View, CA USA.[Schroeder, E.] George Washington Hosp, Washington, DC USA.[Sicoutris, C.] Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.[Gueret, R.] John H Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Chicago, IL USA.[Kashyap, R.] Mayo Clin, CCM, Rochester, MN USA.[Bauer, P.] Mayo Clin, PCC, Rochester, MN USA.[Nanchal, R.] Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA.[Wunderink, R.] Northwestern Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.[Jimenez, E.] Orlando Reg Med Ctr Inc, Orlando, FL USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 2H, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 2G, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 3H, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 3G, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, 4H, Washington, DC USA.[Ryan, A.] Washington Hosp Ctr, CVRR, Washington, DC USA.[Prince, D.] Armadale Hlth Serv, Mount Nasura, WA, Australia.[Edington, J.] Bendigo Hosp, Bendigo, Vic, Australia.[Van Haren, F.] Canberra Hosp, Canberra, ACT, Australia.[Bersten, A.] Flinders Med Ctr, Bedford Pk, SA, Australia.[Hawkins, D. J.] Joondalup Hlth Campus, Joondalup, WA, Australia.[Kilminster, M.] Lismore Base Hosp, Lismore, NSW, Australia.[Sturgess, D.] Mater Adult Hosp, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia.[Ziegenfuss, M.] Prince Charles Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.[O'Connor, S.] Royal Adelaide Hosp, Adelaide, SA, Australia.[Lipman, J.] Royal Brisbane & Womens Hosp, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.[Campbell, L.] Royal Darwin Hosp, Tiwi, NT, Australia.[Mcallister, R.] Royal Hobart Hosp, Hobart, Tas, Australia.[Roberts, B.] Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Nedlands, WA, Australia.[Williams, P.] Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Woodville, SA, Australia.[Parke, R.] Auckland Dist Hlth Board, Auckland, New Zealand.[Seigne, P.] Christchurch Hosp, Christchurch, New Zealand.[Freebairn, R.] Hawkes Bay Hosp, Hastings, New Zealand.[Nistor, D.] Palmerston North Hosp, Midcent Hlth, Palmerston North, New Zealand.[Oxley, C.] Middlemore Hosp, Auckland, New Zealand.[Young, P.] Wellington Hosp, Wellington, New Zealand.[Valentini, R.] Cemic, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Wainsztein, N.] Fleni, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Comignani, P.] Hosp Aleman, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Casaretto, M.] Hosp Cent San Isidro, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Sutton, G.] Hosp Fernandez, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Villegas, P.] Hosp Francisco Lopez Lima Area Programa Gen Roca, Gen Roca, Argentina.[Galletti, C.] Sanatorio Allende, Cordoba, Argentina.[Neira, J.] Sanatorio Trinidad Palermo, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina.[Rovira, D.] Sanatorio Julio Corzo Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.[Hidalgo, J.] Karl Heusner Mem Hosp, Belize City, Belize.[Hidalgo, J.] Belize Healthcare Partner, Belize City, Belize.[Sandi, F.] Hosp Obrero 1, La Paz, Bolivia.[Caser, E.] Cias Unimed Vitoria, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.[Thompson, M.] Evangelical Hosp Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, Brazil.[D'agostino Dias, M.] Hosp 9 Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil.[Fontes, L.] Hosp Alcides Carneiro, Petropolis, Brazil.[Lunardi, M.] Hosp Clin Luzia De Pinho Melo, Mogi Das Cruzes, Brazil.[Youssef, N.] Hosp Nacoes Curitiba, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.[Lobo, S.] Hosp Base Famerp, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil.[Silva, R.] Hosp Clin Niteroi, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.[Sales Jr, J.] Hosp Clin Padre Miguel, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.[Madeira Campos Melo, L.] Hosp Terapia Intens, Sao Paulo, Brazil.[Oliveira, M.] Hosp Trabalhador, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.[Fonte, M.] Hosp Esperanza, Olinda, PE, Brazil.[Grion, C.] Hosp Evangel Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.[Feijo, C.] Hosp Geral Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil.[Rezende, V] Hosp Geral Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil.[Assuncao, M.] Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.[Neves, A.] Hosp Mater Dei, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.[Gusman, P.; Dalcomune, D.] Hosp Meridional, Cariacica, ES, Brazil.[Teixeira, C.] Hosp Moinhos Vento, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.[Kaefer, K.] Hosp Municipal Ruth Cardoso, Balneario, Brazil.[Maia, I] Hosp Nereu Ramos, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.[Souza Dantas, V] Hosp Pasteur, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.[Costa Filho, R.] Hosp Pro Cardiaco, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.[Amorim, F.] Hosp Reg Samambaia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.[Assef, M.] Hosp Reg Hans Dieter Schmidt, Joinville, Brazil.[Schiavetto, P.] Hosp Santa Casa Campo Mourao, Campo Mourao, PR, Brazil.[Houly, J.] Hosp Santa Paula, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.[Houly, J.] Hosp Santapaula, Sao Paulo, Brazil.[Bianchi, F.] Hosp Sao Jose Avai, Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil.[Dias, F.] Hosp Sao Lucas Pucrs, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.[Avila, C.] Hosp Sao Vicente Paula, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.[Gomez, J.] Hosp Sao Vicente Paulo, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.[Rego, L.] Hosp Saude Mulher, Belem, Para, Brazil.[Castro, P.] Hosp Tacchini, Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil.[Passos, J.] Hosp Unimed Costa Do Sol Macae Rj, Macae, RJ, Brazil.[Mendes, C.] Hosp Univ Ufpb Joao Pessoa, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.[Grion, C.] Hosp Univ Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.[Colozza Mecatti, G.] Hosp Univ Sao Francisco, Braganca Paulista, SP, Brazil.[Ferrreira, M.] Santa Casa Caridade Diamantina, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.[Irineu, V] Santa Casa Misericordia Tatui, Tatui, Brazil.[Guerreiro, M.] Sao Francisco de Paula Hosp, Sao Francisco De Paula, RS, Brazil.[Ugarte, S.] Clin Indisa, Providencia, Chile.[Tomicic, V] Clin Las Lilas, Providencia, Chile.[Godoy, C.] Hosp Carlos Van Buren, Valparaiso, Chile.[Samaniego, W.] Hosp Trabajador Santiago, Santiago, Chile.[Escamilla, I] Hosp El Pino, San Bernardo, Chile.[Escamilla, I] Hosp Mutual De Seguridad, Santiago, Chile.[Castro Castro, L.] Ctr Med Imbanaco, Valle Del Cauca, Colombia.[Libreros Duque, G.] Clin Colombia Cali, Cali, Colombia.[Diaz-Guio, D.] Clin Del Cafe, Armenia, Colombia.[Benitez, F.] Clin La Estancia SA, Popayan, Colombia.[Guerra Urrego, A.] Clin Medellin, Medellin, Colombia.[Buitrago, R.] Fdn Clin Shaio, Bogota, Colombia.[Ortiz, G.] Hosp Santa Clara, Bogota, Colomb